Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
ADBAC and DDAC

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are antimicrobial pesticides that control viruses, bacteria, and other germs on surfaces. They also have non-pesticidal uses in medical and cosmetic products. They work by breaking open the membranes of bacteria and outer coatings of viruses. Breaking the membrane causes cell death. The length of time it takes to kill germs depends on the quat and its concentration.

Quats are used in residential and professional settings like hospitals, schools, and other institutions. Quats can irritate or damage the skin and eyes, especially when they are concentrated. Always read and follow the label directions when using antimicrobials or disinfectants.

• Antimicrobials are not for routine cleaning.
• Look for 'contact time' on the label, the amount of time a surface must stay visibly wet with the product to be effective.
• Children should not apply antimicrobials, including disinfectant wipes.

Information about Quats

• What are quaternary ammonium compounds or quats?
• What are some products that contain quats?
• How do quats work?
• How can I use quats effectively to kill germs?
• How might I be exposed to quats?
• What are some signs and symptoms from a brief exposure to quats?
• What happens to quats when they enter the body?
• Are quats likely to contribute to the development of cancer?
• Has anyone studied the developmental and reproductive effects of quats?
• What are some other non-cancer effects of exposure to quats?
• Are children more sensitive to quats than adults?
• What happens to quats in the environment?
• Can quats affect birds, fish, and other wildlife?

Quats Fact Sheet (Web | PDF)
What are quats?

What are antimicrobials?

Understanding Antimicrobials

Selecting Antimicrobials

Antimicrobials for Pathogens

Using Disinfectants to Control COVID-19

If you have questions about this, or any pesticide-related topic, please call NPIC at 800-858-7378 (8:00am - 12:00pm PST), or email at npic@ace.orst.edu.